A Literature Review Of Failing Leaders - 3662 Words

Derailment: A Literature Review of Failing Leaders Millie Higgins Denise Lee Vi Nguyen MGMT 630 -5131 November 21, 2014 Originality Score: Introduction Hogan and Kaiser (2005) define leadership as â€Å"the ability to build and maintain a group that performs well relative to its competition†. Inyang (2004) considers leadership to be a process which â€Å"involves the use of non-coercive influence to shape a group’s or organization’s goals, motivate behavior towards the achievement of those goals and help define group or organization culture†. What makes a leader effective has been the subject of many scholarly investigations; the focus is apparently skewed to issues such as leadership effectiveness, identifying the characteristics of successful leaders, leadership theories and developing leaders. Hogan and Kaiser (2005) note that generally, leadership research tended to take a rather one-sided view on leadership, emphasizing its positive and constructive aspects while avoiding its dark side. Very little is written about leadership derailment or leadership failure. Furnham (2010) notes that many decades of leadership study has produced over 50,000 books with ‘leadership’ in their titles but almost none on leadership derailment or failure, which he considers â€Å"the elephant in the boardroom†. Thus the dark side of leadership is often ignored in the literature as â€Å"a place inhabited by incompetence, flawed character, and unethical behavior† (Slattery, 2009). The termShow MoreRelatedLeadership Concept Analysis Group Paper965 Words   |  4 PagesPerron (2013) found that rapid continuing change within the workplace can cause some nurses to become overstressed, exhausted, and have a feeling of being â€Å"burnt out†. Becoming stagnate in the profession of nursing has become all too common. By failing to change, learn new things, and refusing to see how policy and procedures can become improved, the end result ultimately effects patient care (Siviter, 2011). The purpose of this paper is to understand the significance of resistance to change relatedRead MoreToys R Us Case Study777 Words   |  4 PagesCorporate name, founding date, founding leaders. Toys R Us Inc., founding date was 1948, founding leader was Charles P Lazarus. Toys R Us was founded in the forties by a man named Charles P. Lazarus. The company which was originated in Washington D.C. was named Children’s Bargain Town. The products which were sold at the time was different types of baby furniture. The company had evolved with the times and started to sell toys because these products became more desirable by consumers and childrenRead MoreEssay On Lack Of Accountability1459 Words   |  6 Pages was disappointed that he was not terminated after the university determined that misconduct had occurred (Flaherty, 2017). The underlying issue in this article is that American colleges and universities disciplinary measures or lack thereof are failing to sufficiently address the harassment allegations within their institutions. Macroscopically this article highlights the issue of accountability. Zumeta (2011) defines accountability as the â€Å"responsibility for one’s actions to someone or multipleRead MoreThe Pillars Of School Leadership1740 Words   |  7 Pagesis a review on the pillars of school leadership as discussed in School Supervision class. One occurring question is what does it mean to be a leader in one of our urban school system today is a questions asked repeatedly in our class reading? The qualities of a leader are courage, flexibility and confidence. Leadership today is the process by which leaders individually or collectively influence their colleagues. The Center for Comprehensive School Reform and Improvement (2005), A leader is â€Å"beingRead MoreThe Failure Of Failing Public Schools2454 Words   |  10 PagesIntroduction As a result of the latest rating of failing public schools in education, United States schools are rated around twenty-ninth in the world. What is a failing school? Researchers may never agree on a single definition of failing schools (Connelly, 1999). OFSTED says that â€Å"A failing school is one in which learners make very little progress in relation to their prior attainment; consequently, the value-added analyses of the school’s test scores are very low when compared with similarRead MoreTransactional Leadership in Nursing1130 Words   |  5 Pagesinspires quality care, job satisfaction and improved patient outcomes Review of Professional Nursing Literature. According to Sullivan and Decker (1997) transactional leadership is a traditional, goal oriented type of leadership based on the social exchange theory. Work is exchanged for rewards in order to maintain the status quo and implement company policy and procedures. This leadership is essentially based on economics. The leader and followers both benefit socially and economically by exchangingRead MoreEffective Leadership Styles Within The Workplace1584 Words   |  7 PagesEffective leadership styles Abstract An effective leader influences their employees in a desired manner to achieve goals and objectives. Different leadership styles can affect an organization’s effectiveness and performance. The objective of this paper is to analyze the review of literature on various leadership styles over the past years and how effective and ineffective different leadership styles are in the workplace. Introduction A leader is defined as a person with responsibility to influenceRead MoreThe Modern Era Of Social Responsibility1523 Words   |  7 PagesIntroduction Mahatma Gandhi once said, â€Å"Be the change you wish to see in the world.† This call to action may be challenging but it is not impossible for businesses to implement. Through effort and diligence, corporate and organizational leaders can responsibly serve the global community in which they provide goods and services. Corporate social responsibility, otherwise known as CSR, has been a topic of interest for centuries. However, the modern era of social responsibility didn’t begin until theRead MoreA Brief Note On The And Health Care1366 Words   |  6 Pagesthat the innate calling to help people is diminished due to a lack of support from hospital organizations looking to make the bottom line a little better. The purpose of the paper is to examine understaffing of nurses and medication errors. Literature Review Medication administration is the priority of patient care. Nurses are the first line of defense in preventing adverse effects in patient health related to medication errors that occur due to understaffing of hospital units. Medication errorsRead MoreIs Charisma Important For Being A Good Leader?1872 Words   |  8 Pagesbeing a good leader? â€Å"There is no good or bad leader but thinking makes it so† Shakespeare phrased once and it seems relevant to perceive the importance of charisma in being a good leader. Who are the good leaders? What makes a good leader? Are charismatic leader always good? Good in whose eyes and in what time frame? It is trivial to get bogged up with intuitive questions when we are asked such a straightforward but complex question about the importance of charisma in being a good leader. Max Weber

War and Society Is War a Cultural or Biological...

War is strongly ingrained into our world today whether we like it or not and while it may seem more prevalent and worse lately considering the advances in technology and the increase in hysteria over security, war is not a recent adjunct to society. That poses the question, where does war come from? As human beings, are we hard-wired biologically to fight each other or is it a behaviour influenced by peers and morals? What is war? According to the thefreedictionary.com online dictionary, war is described as: 1. a. A state of open, armed, often prolonged conflict carried on between nations, states, or parties. b. The period of such conflict. c. The techniques and procedures of war; military science. 2. a. A condition of active†¦show more content†¦The question is: is war a part of our biology or is it a cultural phenomenon? Famous Prussian military theorist Karl von Clausewitz said that war is the continuation of politics by other means. which supports the idea of war as a culturally influenced situation that is determined by the political power in control. War is a tool in the arsenal of a successful power to use when debating and non-violent persuasion fail to achieve the goals of the power. War is always waged for a reason, war is not a random act of slaughter. It is consequential to both the attacking and defending parties and no matter the amount of casualties, war comes with a heavy price. The financial cost of war is astronomical and the effects of war can be damaging to the political power. This is why war is usually a secondary resort instead of an impulsive decision coming from instinctive biology and not rationale. Biology has shown us that we do have r eflexive, self defense mechanisms built in that serve the purpose of defending us from predators. But instead of fighting for a cause initiated out of respect for our self defense, we find these mechanisms being manipulated by the political power in order to gain public support for a war waged for entirely calculated reasons and not based on emotional expression. Denis Diderot, a French philosopher, elaborates on war as aShow MoreRelatedWhat Causes War1271 Words   |  5 PagesIs war an invention or is it a biological need? We engaged in this intriguing argument with several view. Some scholars tried to proof that warfare is a biological necessity but others assert that war is something that is created. A number of studies define warfare as an act of violence, a struggle, or a test of ability between groups, for a particular end. However, the general conception remains that war is inevitable and is universal. Generalization about this particular phenomenon may be problematicRead M oreFeminist Perspectives on Sex and Gender2271 Words   |  9 Pagesof the hallmarks of a sound theory is its ability to effectively and accurately predict certain phenomena related to the topic at hand, and this is the case with the notion that gender is culturally constructed, rather than the result of strictly biological determination. To say that gender is constructed is to say that masculine and feminine have different meanings (and associated behaviors) in different cultures, and a look at how gender functions in different cultures and contexts reveals thatRead MoreThe Culture And Concept Of Culture1665 Words   |  7 Pagesfascination for many anthropologists today. While there are various theories and approaches to culture and the interpretation of it, I would solely like to examine the Cultural Relativist approach, and the Boasian thinkers associated with this particular approach. I would also like to examine how the current time period in which the cultural relativist ap proach emerged truly conflicts with the dominant politics. In specifics, I would like to examine Franz Boas himself, but most notably Ruth Benedict, andRead MoreThe First Cold War978 Words   |  4 PagesThe first Cold War was, occurred during 1947 to 1953, political and military tension after World War II between power of Eastern Bloc and Western Bloc. People felt tired from fighting, started to recover their emotional feelings, and society and economic was trying to recover from the war. During this period, artists started thinking about society that increasingly turned their attention to defining identities of national and globally. They also focused for a renewed attention in art and designRead MoreGlobalization Is The Buzzword Of Today1362 Words   |  6 Pagesdestination in a relatively short span of time. Globalization means increasing the interdependence, connectivity and integration on a global level with respect to the social, cultural, political, technological, econo mic and ecological levels. Globalization is an ongoing process by which mainly regional economies, societies, and cultures have become integrated through a globe-spanning network of communication and execution. Sometimes the term is used to refer specifically to economic globalization:Read MoreRacism And Racism1404 Words   |  6 Pagesinstitutions. Using various means of dehumanization, marginalization of African Americans, and creating and legitimizing their image as a lower race, racism has been cultivated in society for hundreds of years. Gradually racism and racial stereotypes were woven into language, science, wide social opinion. The biological interpretation of the race has divided and labeled black by creating special conditions for them at all levels of social organization and hierarchy. Their political, social, privateRead MoreWhat Are The Rights A Person Has, Their Nature And Their Sources? Essay1514 Words   |  7 Pagesand spiritual needs of the person by using certain social benefits within li mits set by legislative acts. In the rights, freedoms, and responsibilities standards of behavior that are considered binding, useful, appropriate for normal functioning of society are not only fixed but also reveals the basic principles of relations between the state and the individual. Ensuring human rights and freedoms the state, in turn, requires certain behavior from the people that are formulated in the system of legalRead MoreFilm Analysis : Ghandi1696 Words   |  7 Pagesrepresents the phenomenon that Europeans had developed a sense of racism that overtook cultural chauvinism. The colonial people experienced a new European conventional wisdom which entailed the idea that cultural characteristics were determined by someone’s race, or biology, and not by their education, history, or the environment. They were seen as unequal by their white leaders no matter their abilities. The Europeans looked upon the idea of race as the determining factor because biological charact eristicsRead MoreRacial Formation Of The United States By Michael Omi And Howard Winant920 Words   |  4 PagesRacial Formation in the United States by Michael Omi and Howard Winant made me readjust my understanding of race by definition and consider it as a new phenomenon. Through, Omi and Winant fulfilled their purpose of providing an account of how concepts of race are created and transformed, how they become the focus of political conflict, and how they shape and permeate both identities and institutions. I always considered race to be physical characteristic by the complexion of ones’ skin tone and theRead MoreHomosexuality And Its Psychological Behavior1575 Words   |  7 Pagessexual attraction to or sexual relations with somebody of the same sex. Since the beginning of time, homosexuality has always been shunned, taboo, and misunderstood. Homosexuality and its psychological behavior is a phenomenon with a long history, to which there have been various cultural and moral responses. Theories on sexual development claim that homosexuality is developed after birth as a result of a person’s environment (nature). Environmental factors such as a child s emotional relationship

Auditing and Ethics Health Care Holdings Group

Question: Discuss about the Auditing and Ethics for Health Care Holdings Group. Answer: Introduction Auditing is one of the most important aspects for a business organization. To get the attention of the investors, the annual report of businesses must be audited. Auditing is the process of testing and inspecting all the accounting and financial accounts of the businesses (Louwers et al., 2013). At the time of conducting the audit operations, the auditors need to be ethical towards their work. They need to be responsible towards their jobs and must obey the principles of auditors independence. AccountingProfessional Ethical Standards (APES) 110 contains the rules and regulations regarding the responsibility of the auditors (Ball, Tyler Wells, 2015). Threats As per the principles of auditors independence, the auditor should be free from every kind of financial interests from the clients property. It is the utmost requirement of audit profession that the auditors will be ethical and honest towards their work (Hoos, d'Arcy Messier, 2012). The given case of Fellowes and Associates indicates that two kinds of threats can be arrived. The potential threats are discussed below: First Situation: The given situation says that one of the accounts associates of Fellowes and Associates owns shares of Health Care Holdings Group (HCHG). The same accounts associate of Fellowes and Associates was the member of the audit team that intended to audit the accounts of HCHG. As per APES 110, one of the major principles of auditors independence is that the auditors cannot purchase any shares of the audit client. On the other hand, APES 110 also mentions that the auditors need to be ethical as well as responsible for the work they do. The auditors are the representative of the common people and there must not be any kind of biasness in their audit decision (Apesb.org.au 2016). The associate of Fellowes and Associates has breached the principles of APES 110 by purchasing the shares of HCHG. Hence, the potential threat that can be arrived is the Self-Interest Threat of the auditors. This is a major offence as this incident can influence the decision making process of the audi tors (Bosse Phillips, 2016). Second Situation: The second situation says that Fellowes and Associates were engaged in the valuation of intellectual property of HCHG. They have valued the intangible assets of the HCHG worth $30 million that was included in the balance sheet of the company on 30 June 2014; but the intellectual properties of HCHG was valued by Fellowes and Associates on 1 March 2014. On the other hand, the intellectual properties were considered as material to HCHG. There is a problem in the valuation of the intellectual properties of HCHG by Fellowes and Associates. Fellowes and Associates considered the same amount of $30 million on 30 June 2014 that was valued by Fellowes and Associates on 1 March 2014. Fellowes and Associates avoided the fact that the value of the intellectual properties might be changed from 1 March 2014 to 30 June 2014. The audit firm neglected the revaluation of the intellectual properties of HCHG. According to APES 110, this act of Fellowes and Associates poses the potentia l threat that is Revaluation Threat. On the other hand, Fellowes and Associates breached the principles of materiality by showing the intellectual properties as material in the books of HCHG. This act of Fellowes and Associates violated the integrity of audit profession that poses the threat of materiality (Cowton, 2013). Corrective Measures and Safeguards As per the above discussion, it can be observed that there are some major threats that can be arrived in the given two situations. They are Self-Interest threat, Revaluation of assets threats and Materiality threats. Although these are the major threats of auditing, with the help of effective corrective measures, these threats can be eliminated. As per the first situation, an accountant of Fellowes and Associates has purchased the shares of the audit client, HCHG. This implies that the accountant has financial interest in the wealth of HCHG and thus, it poses the threat of self-interest. As per the corrective action, Fellowes and Associates need to replace the position of the accountant with another one (Islam, 2015). This is the only action that can be taken to eliminate the threat of self-interest. In the second situation, Fellowes and Associates wrongly valued the intellectual properties of HCHG; on the other hand, the intellectual properties were shown in the books of HCHG as mat erial. This is a serious offence as it creates the threats of Revaluation and materiality. As a corrective action, Fellowes and Associates should revalue the intellectual properties of HCHG by another team of their firm so that the correct value of the intellectual properties can be shown in the books of HCHG. The next step will be to show the intellectual properties of HCHG as immaterial in the books of HCHG (iia.org.au 2016). Conclusion From the above discussion, it can be said that the auditors of the organizations need to maintain the rules and regulations of APES 110 that includes the principles auditors independence. As per the given situation, the acts of Fellowes and Associates toward HCHG poses three kinds of threats; they are Self-Interest threat, Revaluation threat and Materiality threat. All the threats are major threats. Three corrective measures are given to avoid these threats. Thus, from the whole study, it can be concluded that the auditors need maintain the standards of ethics at the time of auditing. Conversely, the auditors need to comply with the rules of APES 110. References APES 110 Code of Ethics for Professional Accountants. (2016).apesb.org.au. Retrieved 28 December 2016, from https://www.apesb.org.au/uploads/standards/apesb_standards/standard1.pdf Ball, F., Tyler, J., Wells, P. (2015). Is audit quality impacted by auditor relationships?.Journal of Contemporary Accounting Economics,11(2), 166-181. Bosse, D. A., Phillips, R. A. (2016). Agency theory and bounded self-interest.Academy of Management Review,41(2), 276-297. Cowton, C. J. (2013). Accounting ethics.The International Encyclopedia of Ethics. Hoos, F., d'Arcy, A. C., Messier, W. (2012, March). Serving two masters: Experimental evidence on internal auditors' independence. In1er WORKSHOP" Audit". Islam, M. A. (2015). Overview. InSocial Compliance Accounting(pp. 1-10). Springer International Publishing. Louwers, T. J., Ramsay, R. J., Sinason, D. H., Strawser, J. R., Thibodeau, J. C. (2013).Auditing and assurance services. New York, NY: McGraw-Hill/Irwin. New ASX internal audit guidelines to bolster shareholder value. (2016).iia.org.au. Retrieved 28 December 2016, from https://www.iia.org.au/technicalResources/knowledgeitem.aspx?ID=274

Global Human Resource Management Casebook

Question: Discuss the definition of team, benefits of teams and types of teams? Answer: Introduction This study deals with benefits of teams and brings forward the types of team prevailing in an organization. Team is a group of people working together for doing something and producing the specified results and outcomes for the same (Byars and Rue 2011). Effective team management helps in improving the communication skills and problem solving measures for attainment of goals and objectives. It mainly ensures increase in the level of productivity for sources of competitive advantage. It enhances change management boosting productivity concerns from group of senior managers (Dessler 2012). Team members should focus on maximization of profits with minimal amount of effective resources. Definition of Team Team defines collection of people come together for shared goals as well as commitment for working together. Individuals should come and work together mainly for accomplishment of complicated tasks. It is important to consider the fact that all team members should contribute equally and strives hard for achieving the predefined objectives of an organization (Dessler 2013). Each employees working in an organization are a part of team and should work in a coordinated way for performing best for the business. Team members should complement with one another as and when required by the management. Benefits of Teams The primary benefits of teamwork helps an organization achieve required goals and objectives within specified time. Some of factors include: High Quality Outcomes Team mainly creates outcomes for using the resources in better way and producing richer ideas for the same. High Efficiency It is noticed that teams combines efforts of individuals and accomplishes individuals working alone concept (Fraher 2011). Faster Speed It is important to consider the idea that teams draw on efforts for contributors in completing the task as well as activities in less time. More Thoughtful Ideas In this scenario, team members are free to express their views and render information in the team. It involves better understanding of related approaches and identification of goals and objectives in an overall manner. Greater effectiveness It is important to understand the aspect that coordination within people enables diving of roles and tasks for addressing specified issues on timely manner. Better context to individuals It is noticed that social aspect of teams helps in providing superior work experience within the team members (Hayton 2011). It helps in motivating high performance within the team members. Mutual Support It is important to consider the fact that team members rely completely on shared goals and receive assistance as well as encouragement on specified tasks (Lindeen 2011). Essential support will help in encouraging the team members for achieving goals as well as enhancement of confidence for the same. Types of Teams Formal Teams Formal Team are mainly setup by an organization for purpose of achieving specified objectives. It includes certain rules and guidelines for the team in meeting the organizational structure for the same (Mondy and Mondy 2012). Advantages Each member in formal team should understand the importance of aims and objectives of a particular organization. It helps the formal teams to achieve the goals quickly in an overall manner (Price and Price 2011). It is important to understand the fact that individuals in team should possess mutual support and respect each other. Disadvantages One of the disadvantages of formal teams is that not everyone could get into the position. Informal Teams Informal teams considers as group of individuals that are not officially set up by particular organization (Rothwell et al. 2012). They do not possess specified rules and guidelines but work together for attainment of goals as well as objectives for the same. Advantages Informal teams helps in developing wilder skills and discovering undiscovered skills. Members in an informal team should have sense of belongings for development of wider skills in an overall manner. Disadvantages One of the disadvantages of informal teams ensures slow-decision-making process in the dominant groups. It includes high risk than any other individual in team. Departmental Teams Departmental teams ensure working together as a team and meeting the targets on regular basis. It focus mainly on analyzing on the customer needs, support to members as well as solving problems for the same. It believes in promoting continuous improvement and sharing of information in the most appropriate form (Stone 2011). For instance, employee relation teams handle seven-employee specialists for enabling seven different departments. Good team believes in sharing the success and helping team members for building best practices in an overall manner. They should be ready for sharing failure and team members provide the effective solutions for the same. Advantages The main advantage of departmental teams is speed and innovation for tackling the challenges in an organization (Torrington 2011). It ensures fair autonomous variations on continuous basis. Innovation and inspiration enables skills and expertise for autonomous bottom-up innovation. Departmental team posses various disadvantages comprising of competing divisions matters based upon the allocation of company resources. It fails consider sound thinking process and undermining commercialization as well as incompatibilities for the same (Truss, Mankin and Kelliher 2012). For instance, Microsoft business software division develop new department and launches Microsoft office outlook in the year 2010. Temporary Project Teams Temporary project teams are multi-disciplinary, multi-locational as well as multi-cultural for the same. It requires number of challenges in managing the temporary project teams. From the article, it is evident that leading temporary team is difficult and requires essential project management principles like scoping, structuring as well as sorting in an overall manner (Valentine, Mathis and Jackson 2012). It mainly helps leaders in facilitating effective teaming for cross-boundary collaboration for achieving leadership skills. It leads emphasizing on purpose, building psychological safety as well as embracement of failure and conflict. Temporary project teams members work together for completion of a single project. After that, it dissolves and conduction of other teams thereafter. Advantages Temporary project teams come together in structuring established teamwork. It mainly outlines roles and responsibilities for targeting the team members in an overall manner (Werner, Schuler and Jackson 2012). Disadvantages Temporary project teams face problems in the near future because conflict arises after ythe project completion. Inter-departmental Teams Inter-departmental teams occur between different departments. It includes conversation between programmer and marketing manager. Effective management of interdepartmental communication helps in solving common problems in the most appropriate way (Byars and Rue 2011). Inter-departmental teams occur between two or more departments and work together for attainment of common goals and objectives. Substantial as well as effective inter-departmental collaboration helps in integrating sustainability. It extends sustainability teams for achieving aims and objectives in the most appropriate way. It mainly focuses on improving capacity and continuous flow of information for the same. Advantages Inter-departmental communication helps in building effective communication from different departments. It helps in building strong communication between the managers from different departments in an overall manner. It involves the entire organization including policy integration, monitoring and evaluation for the same (Fraher 2011). It collaborates on specified activities for future business analysis. It involves employee participation in interdepartmental activities and required resource sharing in the most appropriate way. It mainly trains team members for practical understanding of corporate governance, human behaviour and regional development. Disadvantages Poor communication gives rise between different departments (Hayton 2011). For instance, members from marketing department fail to realize developers for attempts for advising projects in the most appropriate way. Conclusion From the above analysis, it is easy to collect reliable information on benefits of team and advantages for the same. In the particular study, types of teams are explained like formal teams, informal teams, inter-departmental teams as well as departmental team and temporary project teams. It involves diverse range of people skills as well as working together towards attainment of objectives. It includes wider range of skills and ultimate knowledge for solving the issues faster manner. Reference List Byars, L. and Rue, L. (2011).Human resource management. New York: McGraw-Hill/Irwin. Dessler, G. (2013).Human resource management. Boston: Prentice Hall. Dessler, G. (2012).Human resource management. Fraher, A. (2011).Thinking through crisis. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press. Hayton, J. (2011).Global human resource management casebook. New York, NY: Routledge. Lindeen, M. (2011).Teamwork!. Glenview, Ill.: Scott Foresman, an imprint of Pearson. Mondy, R. and Mondy, J. (2012).Human resource management. Boston: Prentice Hall. Price, A. and Price, A. (2011).Human resource management. Andover: Cengage Learning. Rothwell, W., Prescott, R., Lindholm, J., Yarrish, K., Zaballero, A. and Benscoter, G. (2012).The encyclopedia of human resource management. San Francisco: Pfeiffer. Stone, R. (2011).Human resource management. Milton, Qld.: John Wiley. Torrington, D. (2011).Human resource management. Harlow, England: Financial Times/Prentice Hall. Truss, C., Mankin, D. and Kelliher, C. (2012).Strategic human resource management. Oxford: Oxford University Press. Valentine, S., Mathis, R. and Jackson, J. (2012).Human resource management. Werner, S., Schuler, R. and Jackson, S. (2012).Human resource management. Australia: South-Western Cengage Learning.

Racially Biased Pretextual Traffic Stops Essays - Law Enforcement

Racially Biased Pretextual Traffic Stops The interviews excerpted here show that racially biased pretextual traffic stops have a strong and immediate impact on the individual African-American drivers involved. These stops are not the minor inconveniences they might seem to those who are not subjected to them. Rather, they are experiences that can wound the soul and cause psychological scar tissue to form. And the statistics show that these experiences are not simply disconnected anecdotes or exaggerated versions of personal experiences, but rather established and persistent patterns of law enforcement conduct. It may be that these stops do not spring from racism on the part of individual officers, or even from the official policies of the police departments for which they work. Nevertheless, the statistics leave little doubt that, whatever the source of this conduct by police, it has a disparate and degrading impact on blacks. But racial profiling is important not only because of the damage it does, but also because of the connections between stops of minority drivers and other, larger issues of criminal justice and race. Put another way, driving while black reflects, illustrates, and aggravates some of the most important problems we face today when we debate issues involving race, the police, the courts, punishment, crime control, criminal justice, and constitutional law. A. The Impact on the Innocent The Fourth Amendment to the United States Constitution prohibits unreasonable searches and seizures, and specifies some of the requirements to be met in order to procure a warrant for a search. Since 1961--and earlier in the federal court system--the Supreme Court has required the exclusion of any evidence obtained through an unconstitutional search or seizure. From its inception, the exclusionary rule has inspired spirited criticism. Cardozo himself said that the criminal is to go free because the constable has blundered, capturing the idea that the bad guy, caught red handed, gets a tremendous windfall when he escapes punishment because of a mistake in the police officer's behavior. We need not even go all the way back to Cardozo to hear the argument that the exclusion of evidence protects--and rewards--only the guilty. The justification advanced for the exclusionary rule is that while the guilty may receive the most direct benefit when a court suppresses evidence because of a constitutional violation, the innocent--all the rest of us--are also better off. The right to be free from illegal searches and seizures belongs not just to the guilty, but to everyone. The guilty parties who bring motions to suppress are simply the most convenient vehicles for vindicating these rights, because they will have the incentive--escaping conviction--to litigate the issues. In so doing, the argument goes, the rights of all are vindicated, and police are deterred from violating constitutional rules on pain of failing to convict the guilty. One problem with this argument is that it takes imagination: the beneficiaries of suppressed evidence other than the guilty who escape punishment are ephemeral and amorphous. They are everybody--all of us. And if they are everybody, they quickly become nobody, because law-abiding, taxpaying citizens are unlikely to view ourselves as needing these constitutional protections. After all, we obey the law; we do not commit crimes. We can do without these protections--or so we think. It is not my intention here to recapitulate every argument for and against the exclusionary rule. Rather, I wish to point out a major difference between the usual Fourth Amendment cases and the most common driving while black cases. While police catch some criminals through the use of pretext stops, far more innocent people are likely to be affected by these practices than criminals. Indeed, the black community as a whole undoubtedly needs the protection of the police more than other segments of society because African- Americans are more likely than others to be victims of crime. Ironically, it is members of that same community who are likely to feel the consequences of pretextual stops and be treated like criminals. It is the reverse of the usual Fourth Amendment case, in that there is nothing ghostlike or indefinite about those whose rights would be vindicated by addressing these police practices. On the contrary, the victims are easy to identify because they are the great majority of black people who are subjected to these humiliating and difficult experiences but who have done absolutely nothing to deserve this treatment--except to resemble, in a literally skin-deep way, a small group of criminals. While whites who have done nothing wrong generally have little need to fear constitutional violations by the police, this is decidedly

Thurgood Marshal essays

Thurgood Marshal essays I chose Thurgood Marshall for my research project because I really didn't know much about him and what I did know about him sounded very interesting. This man was a real hero because he fought for the rights of other people. He fought against segregation. Because of him blacks and whites can go to the same public schools. In my report you will learn about his life and how he fought for other peoples rights. Thurgood Marshall was born on July 2, 1908. He was named after his grandfather Thoroughgood. His real name was Thoroughgood but in the second grade he changed it to Thurgood. He and his family moved to Harlem, NY in 1909. They lived there for five years then moved back to Baltimore in 1914. He lived with his mother Norma, father William, and his brother Aurbey. Thurgood came from a family of fighters. His great-grandfather was a slave, his grandfather joined the Union Army, and his father fought with words. When Thurgood got in trouble at school he had to go into the basement and learn a part of the constitution. He learned many parts. His father once told him '' son if anyone calls you a nigger you have my permission to fight him-you have my orders. When he was thirteen he once got arrested when he hit a white man who called him a nigger. Thurgood went to Fredrick Douglas High. He played football, and led a group of small teens. They pulled pranks and occasionally cut classes. He was very popular with girls. Thurgood graduated from Fredrick Douglas High in 1925. His mother wanted him to be a dentist. He studied pre-dentistry at Lincoln University in Pennsylvania. He also joined the debating team. Thanks to his father he was good at fighting with words. His nick-name was Wrathful Marshall because he could out debate his opponents so well they felt like they had been whipped. During this time he worked part time as a grocery clerk and a baker. During his senior year he marr ...

Course work - consumer behaviour Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words

Course work - consumer behaviour - Essay Example Major portion of their budget is being spent for the same purpose. People today tend to be more selective, alert, enlightened and powerful. The traditional concept of shopping has been effaced and a new slogan emerged â€Å"consumer is the king.† The conventional shops and outlets are at the verge of extinction. This makes the marketers to put their best efforts to categorize consumers according to their response toward the unfamiliar products. According to the studies conducted on the consumer behavior, consumers can be classified in to the following segments like highly dogmatic consumers, inner directed consumers, consumers with high Optimum Stimulation Levels and consumers with high need of cognition. This paper also discusses the various promotional strategies to be employed in the case of consumers who are visualizers versus consumers who are verbalizers. The essay tries to pinpoint the specific consumer traits of each category of consumers with a view to design the most appropriate marketing strategies for each group. The buying behavior of consumers depends upon the individual personality. Many factors can influence the buying behavior of consumers. Culture plays a dominant role as most of the attitude s and beliefs of customers are strongly rooted in their cultural backgrounds. A child as a growing individual is influenced by his/her environment, cultural milieu, parents, siblings and all other right and wrongs that he learns from the elders and the people who come into contact with him/her. These factors are most likely to influence an individual’s purchase conduct too. The economical conditions also have a role in determining the behavior of consumers. Marketing strategies and advertising obviously influence the consumers purchasing performance. Goodwill or brand name of certain products and companies would promote the interests of consumers. Social status of people is yet another important factor that has a

Mobile Technology Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Mobile Technology - Essay Example Mobile technology has not only simplified the spread of communication technology through elimination of physical medium to reach its destination but it has also added a great value to businesses through simplified and easy implementation. Mobile technology has also revolutionized the field of education, with millions of university students and educators have laptops in class rooms, university lawn and hostels directly connect to the internet and university intranet through high speed mobile wireless technologies. It is not only laptops, even mobile phones and other handheld devices are becoming exceedingly powerful enough to replace laptops and personal computer in educational and business environments. Beyond its common uses mobile technology is now stepping into new domains of ease and accessibility with research and development in the Near Field Communication (NFC) technology which is essentially a mobile technology. NFC is about to change human lives, when mobiles will be used to made flash payments through integrated debit or credit cards at trains, airports and shopping malls. The user will simply touch mobile device with the NFC tag and the payment will be made directly from user’s account. At a hospital NFC tag can collect medical history through mobile device and there will be no need to trace the hospital recodes for patient’s history. This only gives an idea about NFC because very soon NFC enabled mobile phones will carry almost every sort of information that might be used anywhere, anytime. (Kessler, 2011). Like many other modern day technologies, mobile technology is getting more and more space in human lives and has almost reached a point where it will become a necessity. Even today, its multiple uses have comforted human life so much that it has gain indomitable place in areas like businesses,

Critically consider Feminist theories of desire ( state which ones ) Essay

Critically consider Feminist theories of desire ( state which ones ) in relation to Sex and the City first movie. How usefull ar - Essay Example Women have even invaded the silver screen as primary actors, where they are portrayed not as mere decorative support to men to underscore the men’s masculinity onscreen, such as illustrated in James Bond movies, under the paradox of phallocentrism espoused by one school of philosophical thought, but as powerful, strong and independent women emphatically illustrated in the Kill Bill series. Other movies with more realistic approach feature women as central characters showing their femininity, desires and strength. This paper tackles one such movie – Sex and the City. The movie was a spin-off of the very popular television series of the same title aired sometime in the 1990s. It deals with the lives of four women friends and their search for career, romance and fulfillment in the city of New York. Summary: Sex and the City, the 2008 Movie In 2008, HBO films released the movie Sex and the City, a spin-off of the very popular television series of the same title, which aired sometime between 1994 and 2004. ... These four women, who form the crux of a close-knit friendship, are frank, open and almost raucous in their love for life and good fun and desires for love, marriage and sex. The movie opens with Carrie, a successful New York Star columnist who writes a column entitled Sex and the City, and her boyfriend Big searching for the ideal apartment to move into as a couple and finds a beautiful penthouse suite, whose price is more than what they had on mind. Big buys it nonetheless declaring that it belongs to both Carrie and him, but Carrie, who fell in love with it, is concerned that their living arrangement will not permit her to really be part-owner of the apartment. Big suggests a solution to the problem: get married. Overwhelmed with joy, Carrie spends the next few weeks with her friends planning for the perfect wedding. However, Big suddenly loses at the last hour and does not make an appearance at the wedding. 1 Carrie’s three friends are also presently mired in their own dom estic dilemmas. Miranda, the lawyer and the official feminist of the group, finds out that her husband Steve confesses he had committed the ultimate sin: slept with another woman. Miranda, whose hectic schedule has not permitted her to have sex with her husband for six months, is furious and turns Steve out of the house. On the other hand, Samantha, a public relations executive who manages the television acting career of her live-in boyfriend Smith in LA, finds herself getting lonelier as Steve’s rising career keeps him out of the house most of the time. She struggles to keep herself from being tempted to sleep with her gorgeous next-door neighbor who she sees having sex with various women every night. Finally, Charlotte, the odd man out of the group because of her rather

Exploring The Role Transition Student To Qualified Nurse Nursing Essay

Exploring The Role Transition Student To Qualified Nurse Nursing Essay In this essay the author will explore the role transition from student nurse to qualified member of staff and discuss in brief some roles and responsibilities of the newly qualified nurse (NQN). Focus will be placed on delegation and administration of Patient Group Directions (PGDs) as two responsibilities of the NQN who is both a delegator and a dispenser of medicines. Delegation can be challenging for NQNs as it involves entrusting designated tasks to non-qualified member of staff while still retaining professional accountability. Administration of PGDs will be discussed as well as group protocol arrangements for medicines administration has become over the last few years valuable to nurses, especially those working in settings where immunisation programmes and family planning services are delivered. Roles of the newly qualified nurse Critical discussion (400 words) Contemporary nursing has changed considerably in terms of its roles and responsibilities. A big turnaround came with the change in the European Working Time Directive which reduced drastically the working hours of junior doctors, leading to Registered Nurses (RNs) extending their roles and undertaking tasks traditionally carried out by medical professionals (McKenna et al, 2004; Kessler et al, 2010). In order to meet patient needs and to fill the gaps left by those nurses, Healthcare Assistants (HCAs) were then expected to start extending their skills and assume delivery of care that was previously the domain of registered staff (Kessler et al, 2010, Griffiths and Robinson, 2010). This was a positive step for modernising nursing careers with nurses now working across boundaries and with the creation of new specialist roles (DH, 2006a), but naturally it decreased at the same time engagement in direct patient care (Kessler et al, 2010). Registered nurses (RN) in the United Kingdom are expected to acquire the necessary knowledge and skills to meet Nursing and Midwifery Council (NMC) standards, which aim at guiding and supporting them in the delivery of high quality care. Nurses are expected to delegate, lead and supervise other nurses and healthcare professionals and have therefore to gain and develop analytical, problem-solving and decision-making skills (NMC, 2010) both during their training and throughout their nursing career. Even with development of the RN role If nursings original professional identity is to be uphold, it essential that NQNs enter the profession sensitive to its core values and roles, even while trying to advance practice (Harmer, 2010). Rationale for role choice (200 words) The author chose the role of delegation both Role 1 Delegation (700 words) RN are expected to organise and supervise the work of HCAs and the ability to delegate effectively is central to their success (Curtis and Nicholl, 2004) The NMC Code of Conduct (2008b) stresses that RN must delegate effectively and establish that anyone they delegated to is able to carry out their instructions. In addition it states that nurses must confirm that the outcome of the delegated tasks meet required standards and that anyone they are responsible for, is supervised and supported. The employer is in turn the one responsible for ensuring that HCAs have sufficient training and education to competently undertake the aspects of care which a RN is expected to delegate to them (NMC, 2008a). The NMC fails however to give a reasoned justification as to why the RN is still accountable for the delegated tasks if the employer is the one responsible for confirming competency or if indeed the RN is expected to confirm this her/himself how she/he is expected to effectively gain knowledge of the education, training and qualifications of all HCAs they work with in clinical practice (including bank staff). Both the RCN and the DH have sought in the past further clarification from the NMC as far as delegation and accountability are concerned as the advice provided by the body has been regarded as confusing (Harrison, 2007) HCAs education and training is not mandatory and standardised in terms of content, assessment and accreditation (Griffiths and Robinson, 2010) and therefore there is no default quality assurance on their competencies so caution and uncertainty is to be expected from the RN when delegating work as she/he could see her/his registration put at stake for any error in judgement (Kessler et al, 2010. This is because although the HCA retains responsibility in their actions carrying out the delegated task, the RN is ultimately accountable (NMC, 2004, RCN, 2006a) to their regulatory and professional body. Accountability is a key element of professional practice and it is intimately linked with delegation. RNs are professionally accountable to the NMC for any actions and omissions in their practice and must be able to justify their decisions. Failure to comply with the code may bring their fitness to practice into question and jeopardize their registration (NMC, 2008b). RNs are also accountable to both civil and criminal law, their employer (NMC, 2009, Dimond, 2008) and on a moral dimension, to themselves (Dimond, 2008). If tasks are matched successfully against HCAs skills and knowledge though, delegation can result in improved productivity and efficiency as this makes best use of available human resources. In some cases if the clinical area is particularly understaffed, delegation becomes a necessity, rather than an option. Effective delegation can potentially enable RNs to focus on doing fewer tasks well, rather than many talks inadequately (Curtis and Nicholl, 2004) and can create a more motivated and co-operative team (Eaton, 2009). On the other hand studies suggest that excessive task delegation can lead to feelings of frustration as nurses end up having less contact with patients than they originally hoped for. Accountability issues can also lead to increased levels of stress (Takase et al, 2005). Research has found that in order to comply with the code of conduct nurses can spend large amounts of time inducting, training and supervising HCAs (McKenna et al, 2004) on tasks that HCAs were theoretically undertaking to alleviate nurses workload (Kessler et al, 2010). Demands of supervision can also compromise the time NQN should be devoting to consolidate and develop their clinical skills (Griffiths and Robinson, 2010). Paradoxically, literature suggests that experienced HCAs frequently act as unofficial mentors to NQN and are seen as a significant source of formal and informal knowledge and guidance to less experiences members of staff (Griffiths and Robinson, 2010, Kessler et al, 2010). The process of delegation assumes inevitably a hierarchical command structure (Curtis and Nicholl, 2004) which could easily pose challenges for NQN, whom in real terms are expected to supervise and be accountable for HCAs who may be considerably more experienced. Role 2 PGD (700 words) PGDs provide a legal mechanism to administer and/or supply medicines to patients by a specific range of health care professionals, without the need of consultation with a doctor or a dentist (NPC, 2009). A PGD is written instruction for the supply or administration of a licensed medicine(s) in a specifically identified clinical scenario that is not aimed at a specific patient, but rather at any patient that meets the criteria established on that PGD. The PGD must be written up at a local level by a multidisciplinary team including a doctor, a pharmacist and a representative of any professional group expected to dispense under the PGD. For a PGD to be valid it must be signed by a doctor or a dentist and a senior pharmacist, ideally the ones involved in developing the direction. It must also be authorised by the PCT or NHS trust which will use it (MHRA, 2010a). PGDs can only be administered by registered healthcare professionals such as nurses, midwifes, health visitors, paramedics, radiographers, etc. Each PGD must however, list individually the names of the registered professionals allowed to dispense under the direction. A senior individual in each profession should assume the responsibility to ensure that all designated dispensers in the PGD are fully competent, registered and trained professionals. (DH, 2006b). A PGD can act as a direction to a nurse to supply and/or administer prescription-only medication to patients that meet the criteria, based on the nurses assessment of their needs and without needed to refer to a doctor for an individual prescription (RCN, 2006b) The supply and administration of medicines under a PGD should be reserved for specific circumstances where it is advantageous for patient care, it does not compromise patient safety and is consistent with professional accountability (MHRA, 2010a, NPC, 2009, DH, 2006b), as the nurse must always act within their own expertise and competence (DH, 2006b). PGDs are a convenient way of recognising nurses ability to use medication to the benefit of the patient and any registered professional dispensing medication under the terms of a PGD should act in accordance with the NMC Code of Conduct and the NMC Standards for Medicines Management (RCN, 2006b). The legislation requires that every PGD must contain key information: the place where the PGD will be used (eg. primary or acute care), the date the directive comes into force and the date it expires (it is recommended good practice that PGDs should be reviewed every two years), a description of the medicine to which the PGD applies (both the name and the purpose of the medication should be included, eg. analgesic or oral contraceptive), class of the healthcare professional able to supply/administer the medication (the PGD should clearly state which of the professional groups can use but each individual can only do so if she/he is named individually), the signature of a doctor/dentist and a pharmacist (only approved prescribers as doctors/dentists), signature by a representative of an appropriate health organisation (eg. chief executive of a trust), the clinical condition to which the PGD applies to (a description of the problem a patient must present with in order to receive medicat ion under the directive), a description of patients that are to be excluded from treatment under the PGD (detailed guidance on which circumstances a patient should be excluded and provided with an individual prescription, eg. complex medical condition or a specific medical problem), a description of when further advice should be sought from a doctor/dentist and when to arrange for referrals (a patient might meet the criteria set on the directive but depending on which specifics they present, further advice might still be needed from a medical professional), details of the appropriate dosage, maximum total dosage, quantity, pharmaceutical form and strength, route, frequency of administration, minimum and maximum period over which the medication should be administrated and the legal status of the drug should all be specified (this ensures that the correct medicine is given in the right dose for the appropriate length of time), relevant warnings including potential adverse reactions (a s with any medicines it is essential to be aware of any contra-indications of potential adverse effects), details of any follow-up action and under which circumstances (a patient might need to be seen again in order to detect if the medication had the desired effect) and finally a statement of records to be kept for audit purposes (the directive must specify which records need to be kept, eg. as a minimum full patient details and full information regarding the drugs that has been administrated) (MHRA, 2010a, NPC, 2009, RCN, 2006b) PGDs cannot be used in independent and public sector care homes or independent sector schools that provide healthcare services outside the NHS. (MHRA, 2010b) PGDs can only be used in the NHS and other services funded by the NHS but provided by the private, voluntary or charitable sector. Certain non-NHS organisations such as independent hospitals, agencies and clinics registered under the Care Standards Act 2000, prisons healthcare services and police services, and defence medical services can however use PGDs for the sale, supply and/or administration of medicines (NPC, 2009) NQN registered with the NMC and on the live register are allowed to administer medication under a PGD, providing they are one of the named dispensers on the directive. However, because robust clinical judgement is necessary to assess the patient prior to administration, a more experienced member of the nursing team is likely to be named over a NQN. Both the RCN and NMC offer no specific recommendations for the administration (or not) of medicines under a PGD, by a NQN. There are also no specific national training programmes for PGD, however individual organisations must ensure that any professional administering medication under a PGD is competent to do so (DH, 2006b) Conclusion (300 words) The role of the RN has expanded considerably over the last years. NQN now enter the profession expected to assume roles of leadership, delegation and supervision very shortly afterwards being students nurses and working with alongside and under the protection of their mentors. As soon as they gain their pin number and join the NMC register a whole new raft of expectations is placed upon them. Many NQN however reportedly feel unprepared and overwhelmed by their new responsibilities, making the period of transition very stressful rather than exciting and truly enjoyable. Delegation is a fundamental skill every RN and NQN must gain and develop in order to be able to manage their workload effectively in clinical practice. Delegating as a NQN can be challenging as often the recipient of the task is a more experienced member of the team, for whom she/he is still yet professionally accountable. Medicines administration is another responsibility of the RN. PGDs have become increasingly impor tant tools for nurses working in clinical settings delivering immunisation, working in travel clinics and family planning services. With many NQN now opting to join community services, PGDs become increasingly relevant to them.

Factors Contributing to Willys Death in Death of a Salesman :: Literary Analysis, Analytical Essay

Willy Loman a self-doubting, delusional salesman enters his house with two empty suitcases; he failed to sell anything that day. He was greeted by his loving wife Linda and asked where he was all day. Willy replied by saying that he went as far as a little above Yonkers. Willy explains to Linda that he suddenly couldn’t drive anymore. In page 13 Willy explains â€Å"suddenly I realize I’m going’ sixty miles an hour and I don’t remember the last five minutes. Linda tries to comfort him by saying it’s your glasses and also by saying that you haven’t gotten enough rest. Willy responded by saying he can see perfectly fine. Linda then said to Willy that you should ask Howard to see if you can work in New York again. At first Willy said that they don’t need them there but gave into the suggestion Linda asked. Willy then suddenly asked if there was anything to eat. Linda willfully answered yes and that she would make him a sandwich. Willy r efuses it and says to Linda to go to sleep and asks if the boys are in. Linda says that the boys are sleeping; Happy took biff on a date tonight. Willy seemed interested and Linda continued talking, it was so nice to see them shaving together. She couldn’t get over that the whole house smelling like shaving cream. During this conversation Willy says an important quote â€Å"Work a lifetime to pay a house you finally own it, and there’s nobody to live in it. I find this to be ironic because it’s true you buy a house to raise a family and when you finally own it there’s nobody to live in it, because everybody is all grownup and going on with there own lives. Willy then goes downstairs and starts to talk to himself, as he’s doing this Biff and his younger brother happy start to talk about there teenage years, and talked bout their fathers babbling. They then talk about how they don’t like there lives at the moment. They later talked about buying ranch out west and thinking about other ideas to be successful. We return to Willy he gets flash backs about talking to his brother and that sho uld gone with him to Alaska and Africa to make money. This eventually leads to Willy’s death when Biff Confronts Willy of trying to commit suicide, and telling his dad to burn the fake dream that it’s never going to happen.

Family and Issue

The first Issue is all about the genealogy of Kamapua`a. He was the enemy of the Lava Goddess Pele who lived in Kilauea. -The second Issue is the story of how his mother was born and kapu’d for the king but she fell in love with the King’s brother and gave birth to 3 children and a pig child. The youngest child was taken to the sky and turned into a kind of rain while the others were adopted into grandmothers home. The grandmother says a chant and Kamapua`a gains powers to change body forms. The third Issue is about the Pig- Child using his powers to plant a whole taro patch with his youngest borhter in a single day, as to where the older brother trying to do it by himself would have taken several days. Kamapua`a finishes both gardens single-handedly.This issue also show the love between him and his family, they treat him very nicely and praise him for all that he does. This issue ends with Kamapua`a stealing chickens from nearly the whole island. He will be going for t he Kings chicken coop next. -The fourth issue is about how the pig continues to go out and steal chickens, continuously getting closer to the kings roost when he finds a mystical chicken that he leaves. He rested for 3 days because he was tired of chasing chickens. He the got up and raided Kailua. The people of Kailua came thinking that Kamapua`a did it but he changed into a sick looking pig. The pig then went and raided the kings chickens and got seen and chased by the guards -The fifth issue is about how the King sends armies to kill a little pig but cannot overcome the magic powers of Kamapua`a. Kamapua`a is constantly outsmarting his opponents.He is found sleeping under a rock and is taken prisoner, being stabbed with a stone dagger the whole time. That is where the fifth issue ends. -In the sixth issue Kamapua`a was dead and came back to life, killing everyone who was against him. He then sailed to Kauai and found one of the chiefs daughters who had fainted. He brought her back to consciousness and made her his woman. In this issue he meets his new father in law and learns of his brother in law who causes terror and havoc on the island. Kamapua`a tells his wife that he will go to challenge, she objects but it will not be enough to stop him.

Commodore Isaac Hull in the War of 1812

Commodore Isaac Hull in the War of 1812 Born March 9, 1773, in Derby, CT, Isaac Hull was the son of Joseph Hull who later took part in the American Revolution.  In the course of the fighting, Joseph served as an artillery lieutenant and was captured in 1776 following the Battle of Fort Washington. Imprisoned in HMS Jersey, he was exchanged two years later and assumed command of a small flotilla on Long Island Sound.   Following the end of the conflict, he entered the merchant trade sailing to the West Indies as well as whaling.   It was through these endeavors that Isaac Hull first experienced the sea.   Young when his father died, Hull was adopted by his uncle, William Hull. Also a veteran of the American Revolution, he would earn infamy for surrendering Detroit in 1812.   Though William wished his nephew to obtain a college education, the younger Hull desired to return to sea and, at age fourteen, became a cabin boy on a merchant vessel. Five years later, in 1793, Hull earned his first command captaining a merchant ship in the West Indies trade.   In 1798, he sought out and obtained a lieutenants commission in the newly re-formed US Navy.   Serving aboard the frigate USS Constitution (44 guns), Hull earned the respect of Commodores Samuel Nicholson and Silas Talbot.   Engaged in the Quasi-War with France, the US Navy sought out French vessels in the Caribbean and Atlantic.   On May 11, 1799, Hull led a detachment of  Constitutions sailors and marines in seizing the French privateer Sandwich near Puerto Plata, Santo Domingo. Taking the sloop Sally into Puerto Plata, he and his men captured the ship as well as a shore battery defending the harbor.   Spiking the guns, Hull departed with the privateer as a prize. With the end of the conflict with France, a new one soon emerged with the Barbary pirates in North Africa.   Barbary Wars Taking command of the brig USS Argus (18) in 1803, Hull joined Commodore Edward Prebles squadron which was operating against Tripoli.   Promoted to master commandant the following year, he remained in the Mediterranean.   In 1805, Hull directed  Argus, USS Hornet (10), and USS Nautilus (12) in supporting US Marine Corps  First Lieutenant Presley OBannon during the Battle of Derna.   Returning to Washington, DC a year later, Hull received a promotion to captain.   The next five years saw him oversee the construction of gunboats as well as command the frigates USS Chesapeake (36) and USS President (44).   In June 1810, Hull was appointed captain of Constitution and returned to his former ship.   After having the frigates bottom cleaned, he departed for a cruise in European waters.   Returning in February 1812, Constitution was in the Chesapeake Bay four months later when news arrived that the War of 1812 had begun.         Ã‚   USS Constitution Exiting the Chesapeake, Hull steered north with the goal of rendezvousing with a squadron that Commodore John Rodgers was assembling. While off the coast of New Jersey on July 17, Constitution was spotted by a group of British warships that included HMS Africa (64) and the frigates HMS  Aeolus (32), HMS Belvidera (36), HMS Guerriere (38), and HMS Shannon (38). Stalked and pursued for over two days in light winds, Hull used a variety of tactics, including wetting down the sails and kedge anchors, to escape.   Reaching Boston, Constitution quickly resupplied before departing on Aug. 2. Moving northeast, Hull captured three British merchantmen and obtained intelligence that a British frigate was operating to the south. Sailing to intercept, Constitution encountered Guerriere on Aug. 19. Holding his fire as the frigates neared, Hull waited until the two ships were only 25 yards apart. For 30 minutes Constitution and Guerriere exchanged broadsides until Hull closed on the enemys starboard beam and toppled the British vessels mizzen mast. Turning, Constitution raked Guerriere, sweeping its decks with fire. As the battle continued, the two frigates collided three times, but all attempts to board were turned back by determined musket fire from each ships marine detachment. During the third collision, Constitution became entangled in Guerrieres bowsprit. As the two frigates separated, the bowsprit snapped, jarring the rigging and leading to Guerrieres fore and main masts falling. Unable to maneuver or make way, Dacres, who had been wounded in the engagement, met with his officers and decided to strike Guerrieres colors to prevent a further loss of life. During the fighting, many of Guerrieres cannon balls were seen to bounce off Constitutions thick sides leading it to earn the nickname Old Ironsides. Hull attempted to bring Guerriere into Boston, but the frigate, which had suffered severe damage in the battle, began to sink the next day and he ordered it destroyed after the British wounded were transferred to his ship. Returning to Boston, Hull and his crew were hailed as heroes.   Leaving the ship in September, Hull turned command over to Captain William Bainbridge.   Later Career Traveling south to Washington, Hull first received orders to assume command of the Boston Navy Yard and then the Portsmouth Navy Yard.   Returning to New England, he held the post at Portsmouth for the remainder of the War of 1812. Briefly taking a seat on the Board of Navy Commissioners in Washington beginning in 1815, Hull then took command of the Boston Navy Yard.   Returning to sea in 1824, he oversaw the Pacific Squadron for three years and flew his commodores pennant from USS United States (44). Upon completing this duty, Hull commanded the Washington Navy Yard from 1829 to 1835.   Taking leave after this assignment, he resumed active duty and in 1838 received command of the Mediterranean Squadron with the ship of the line USS Ohio (64) as his flagship. Concluding his time abroad in 1841, Hull returned to the United States and due to ill health and increasingly advanced age (68) elected to retire. Residing in Philadelphia with his wife Anna Hart (m. 1813), he died two years later on February 13, 1843. Hulls remains were buried in the citys Laurel Hill Cemetery.   Since his death, the US Navy has named five vessels in his honor.   Sources: Biographies in Naval History: Isaac HullHeritage History: Isaac Hull

Answers to Reader Questions About Hyphens

Answers to Reader Questions About Hyphens Answers to Reader Questions About Hyphens Answers to Reader Questions About Hyphens By Mark Nichol Questions about hyphens come up often in correspondence from Daily Writing Tips readers. I’ve answered a few of the queries here. 1. Should â€Å"higher cost† and â€Å"higher earning† be hyphenated in â€Å"replace higher cost funding and â€Å"repurpose collateral into higher earning assets†? Yes, to clarify that you’re referring to funding that is higher cost, not cost funding that is higher, and assets that are higher earning, not earning assets that are higher, hyphenate in both cases. (Even though â€Å"cost funding† and â€Å"earning assets† are not standing phrases, the hyphens help readers avoid being distracted by reading them that way.) 2. I would have expected some nagging [in this post] about the hyphen; would it not be better to have torch-bearer or torchbearer [in place of â€Å"torch bearer†]? You’re right I used the correct form of torchbearer in my commentary but neglected to notice and note that the tattoo incorrectly styles the word as an open compound. I guess I was distracted. Treatment of various open compounds with a common element aren’t necessarily consistent: One who bears a torch is a torchbearer, but one who bears a standard is a standard-bearer, and one who bears an ensign (essentially the same as a standard) is an ensign bearer. It’s nearly unbearable. 3. Nice list [of reduplicative doublets]. I’m intrigued some of them are hyphenated and some not. I wonder what the deciding factor is for that. Good point about the hyphenation; I should have included a note about that. Because English has never had a body that regulates standards, inclusion or exclusion of hyphens in such constructions, as in many other language matters, is arbitrarily and inconsistently based on a variety of factors. 4. Given your recent article on possessives, I wanted to write in with a question. There is typically a notice period of thirty, sixty, or ninety days required before an investor is allowed to redeem. How does one state this? I’ve seen it as â€Å"ninety days’ notice† (as if the notice belonged to the ninety days) and â€Å"ninety days notice.† I typically restate it as â€Å"ninety day notice period† to avoid this ambiguity, but then I’m not sure if that should properly be â€Å"ninety-day† or if the dash is not needed. The correct form is â€Å"ninety days’ notice (meaning â€Å"notice of ninety days†). The phrase is written in the genitive case, in which a noun modifies another noun, usually in the form of one noun possessing the other (â€Å"ninety days notice† is common but incorrect). If you continue to use your alternative phrasing, a hyphen should connect ninety and days â€Å"ninety-day notice period† but I recommend â€Å"ninety days’ notice.† 5. Thanks for the funny signs [link to post]! â€Å"Shouldn’t â€Å"ill advised’ and ‘well educated’ have been hyphenated in your examples? Phrasal adjectives such as the ones you mentioned, often hyphenated before a noun, should be styled without a hyphen when they follow the noun. Here’s a post about that particular point; you’ll find more posts about phrasal adjectives by searching for that phrase on this site. Note: Many Daily Writing Tips readers ask questions about various language issues in the comment field for a post, while others send queries as an email message to the site. We welcome your notes, but please comment rather than email; that way, other site visitors will be able to read your questions and my responses as well as notes from other readers. (I try to answer all specific requests for information or clarification or refer readers to existing applicable content, though sometimes I rely on other readers to weigh in on comments.) Want to improve your English in five minutes a day? Get a subscription and start receiving our writing tips and exercises daily! Keep learning! Browse the Punctuation category, check our popular posts, or choose a related post below:Apply to, Apply for, and Apply with35 Genres and Other Varieties of FictionGrammatical Case in English

Hate Crimes Toward Hispanic Immigrants Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Hate Crimes Toward Hispanic Immigrants - Essay Example One day in December 2008 on his way home from a bar and church party, Jose and his brother were walking along the road with their arms around each other which is a common behavior among the Latino cultures. Suddenly three men appeared yelling in anti Hispanic slurs. While his brother managed to escape, Sucuzhanay was struck on the head by a beer bottle. He was also hit on the head with an aluminum baseball. The attackers kicked and punched him severely. Causing him severe head fractures and extensive brain damage. A few days later Sucuzhanay passed away. When the two men were arrested they were only charged with a second-degree murder and assault. In real sense all hate crimes in America, could face 78 years to life in prison. On November 8, 2008 on Long Island in New York on, Marcelo Lucero, Ecuadorian real estate agent was thoroughly beaten and seriously wounded by seven teenagers who were driving around looking for Mexicans to attack. When the seven young men spotted Lucero, they got out of their car and man bounded him beating and stabbing him severely. When the matter was brought before the courts, the teens were only charged with gang assault. Steve Levy, the County Executive of Suffolk constantly talked against immigrants, including on Lou Dobbs Tonight. The New York Times reported about Lucero's death and hate crimes against Latinos. But all these seemed not to attract much attention. A possible execution in a New York community should be more than enough to force the American people to acknowledge the bitter truth that has overcome Latinos in the days of rage against illegal immigration. The situation began to change when the when republican politicians decided a few years ago to exploit immigration as a wedge issue. They formulated strict legislations to criminalize the events. Prominent personalities and radio talk show hosts latched on to the issue. Substantial efforts in congress to create an overhaul of the immigration system failed again and agai n. The opponents of these efforts wanted only to demonize and punish the Latino workers on which the country now appeared to depend on much. The sudden increase in hate crimes against Hispanics for the past four years is particularly worrying since hate crimes committed against other groups has over the same period decreased drastically (Altschiller, 2005, p.101). This noxious setting, in which horrible rhetoric targets immigrants while the number of hate crimes against Hispanics and people perceived to be immigrants steadily increases, has caused a sharp sense of fear among the communities living in the united states ( Researcher, 2010,84). Certain groups opposed to immigration reform, such as the Federation for American Immigration Reform (FAIR), the Center for Immigration Studies (CIS), and Numbers USA, have occasionally claimed that immigrants are responsible for numerous evils in the society. However they have often lacked valid and reliable evidence to support the claims. Even though these groups have tried to present themselves as lawful, advocates against illegal immigration in America, it has been revealed that these organizations have worrying relations with unlawful extremists in the anti-immigration

Economics Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Economics - Assignment Example EasyJet has stuck to their core values, which allowed them to do well during the recession and as business pickups in the country, they will further see many improvements which will lead to even greater profits. In response to In response to the question on the fluctuating oil prices, he added that Easyjet’s hedging is a form of averaging, which means that their fuel prices respond with a lag to movement in market prices. So for 2010, they expect GBP100 million improvements as their fuel hedges adjust to market prices. Easyjet continues to grow steadily and they have expectations of 10% increase in capacity during 2010 as the passeneger numbers grew by 3 to 4 percent during the recessionary period. Easyjet remains focused on short haul a flight which proves to be working as they seem to be in line to achieve growth plans of 7 to 8 percent annually. The passenger growth easily outstripped easyJets capacity increase over the recessionary period of just 0.8%, indicating that dema nd is still matching its growth strategy despite the Europe-wide recession. Gert Zonneveld, analyst at Panmure Gordon, said easyJet had weathered the recession so far but a lengthy downturn could dampen the airlines recovery. "The company is performing well given the current economic environment, but a sustained downturn could clearly delay a profit recovery." Ryanair’s CEO Michael O’Leary commented on the tough recessionary times the airline industry was facing and he added â€Å"Ryanair’s ability to grow both traffic and profits during the half year is a testament to the strength of Ryanair’s lowest fare model, and our relentless cost discipline. However these results are heavily distorted by a 42% fall in fuel costs, which has masked a significant 17% decline in average fares.   We expect average fares to decline by up to 20% during Quarters 3 and 4, which will result in both these quarters being loss making.   Despite this our full year guidance remains unchanged and will be

What is the problem with immigration, and how do we solve it Essay

What is the problem with immigration, and how do we solve it - Essay Example Economists and sociologists concur and disagree with this remark. This essay will look at what analysts have established and will attempt to work out the consequence that immigration has posed on the standards of livelihood of the workers in the U.S. Immigration is a diverse topic, although it could be assorted into two incredibly different components, lawful and unlawful immigration which will be mutually tackled in this report. The US has been portrayed as a melting pot due to the multiplicity that is found in the nation. Conversely, in instances when resources are scarce and the economy is stressed, immigration emerges as a debate of main concern (Brooks, 34). Being such extremely significant topic immigration has followers and opponents mutually having legitimate positions and concerns. To put into perception the manner in which the US has diversified is the fact that few data extend a long way. Presently, 12 percent of US’ inhabitants are overseas born and this guide has risen from 8 percent in 1990. Every year adding up together to the present inhabitants, which some might dispute is in fact overpopulation; somewhere from 700,000 to 900,000 citizens immigrate lawfully per year. In addition, it is probable that 500,0 00 additional people immigrate unlawfully annually. Individuals immigrate to the US from every place around the globe but the heavy bulk of immigrants in current years emerge from Latin America. Numerous economists have completed quantitative investigations to settle on the impact that immigration raise to put it on the natives’ level of comfort. Economists on either side of the coin or issue have not agreed on whether the effect on natives is optimistic or unenthusiastic even when they employ the identical information to support their position. Settlers can be perceived as â€Å"harmonizers† or â€Å"substitutes† to the actual citizens. As â€Å"harmonizers† to every other, citizens and immigrants do not fight for the identical jobs.

Free

Free African Americans Essay The Antebellum period had a huge impact on the free African American people. The Antebellum period is the time that is pre-Civil War and post-War of 1812. The United States was expanding to a more powerful nation and slavery was the biggest industry in their economy. During this period of time, African Americans had to deal with many obstacles/adversities as free blacks in all regions of the United States. The regions known as, in the northern, upper south, deep south, and far west regions of the United States was where the free African American encountered different and similar situations and experiences. Throughout history the north always was known as the first region that freed slaves. The northern states didnt us the same economic methods as the southern states and the far west. They adopted a new way of making money. According to The African American Odyssey, Between 1860, a market revolution transformed the north into a modern industrial society. This new method changed economy for the north until present day. This was a new age of industry and the production of factories. Slavery was not needed as much as the southern states where they had good sun to cultivate and profit from crops such as cotton. Even though this new method lightened the idea of slavery in the north, the freedom for blacks was still limited. Whites did not want to deal with blacks so they enforced new black laws in which resulted in the segregation of school, communities and any other public uses. Free black men had limited voting rights where they barely had any rights to vote. Most of all these black laws impacted the employment level to a low gradient for the free blacks in the north. This battle for employment had many negative impacts on free Black’s ways of life. Families were tarnished under the pressure of providing for their families with the scarcity of jobs. They enforced fugitive slave law where the white slave masters can hunt and recapture runaway slaves from the south. This made life difficult and filled the free blacks with fear because they were more prone to be wrongfully enslaved. Like the south the whites did not want to deal with blacks whatsoever. Irish immigrants were taking all the jobs away from the blacks many blacks had unskilled jobs such as being barbers and shoemakers. The free African American upper south region did have similar experiences as the north but much more were different. Though they shared similar churches family businesses and fraternities the upper south was still separated by the idea of slavery and the different economic methods. The impact of slavery created different communities. The free blacks in the north lived with other free Blacks while in the upper south; the free Blacks lived with slaves. The fugitive slave laws had a bigger impact on the upper south than the north. The free black was definitely more prone to be enslaves. Many sheriffs would harass and arrest free blacks randomly on profiling them as runaway slaves. They did have a tool known as free papers that was proof for their freedom. But these papers were useless most of the time because they constantly had to be renewed. These free papers impacted the everyday life of African Americans because they had to make sure that their papers werent stolen, lost, or tarnished. The free Blacks had fewer freedoms. They could not vote at all and they had problems going outside at night. They could not congregate in groups and had no rights to bear arms. Life as a free Black person was tougher than the north because of the low employment rates downgraded again due to the Irish immigrants taking their jobs. Their jobs were different during the antebellum period. Many people were maids and servants and washers. Upper south institutions where tarnished and almost did not exist. Black churches were overran by white ministries and left the black ministers with no opportunities to practice on their careers. Schools were almost absent. They were low funded whereas many blacks in the upper south were left uneducated. There were no schools and no jobs which gave success to the whites on preventing the advancement of the free blacks. Unlike the north and the upper south, the Deep South barely had any free blacks despite the fact that the population of African Americans in the Deep South was enormous. There were many incidents of racial mixing with slave owners and the female slaves. Diversity was there but slavery still kept their children enslaved. They usually had a choice to buy their way out of slavery. Many of the free slaves did not have their own separate identity from the white slave owners. Many of the free blacks were just like the whites. They were accepted in the churches. Many wealthy free blacks were educated due to the establishment of private schools. Unlike the north and the Upper South, they had better skilled jobs such as carpentry and tailors. Many whites began to overlook the success of the free African American In the Deep South and made it even more impossible to live. Unlike the North, Upper South, and the Deep South, the Far West absolutely did not want anything to do with free Blacks. The black laws in the Far West were made to ban all free Blacks from settling in their region. The Gold Rush of 1849 resulted in the migration of many White and free Black men to settle out west in states like California and Oregon. The Far west was known to be more multicultural and have multicultural communities. Many blacks had the same jobs of that the free Blacks from the regions had except for the gold mining. Many Blacks prospered from gold. Slavery was a huge propaganda in the upper south and the whole south in general. It was a reality that all African American whether free or enslaved could not avoid. The northern states were gradually enhancing their advancement in the idea of acceptance and coexistence with the Whites in the US. The north had at least a bit of a head start for the search of equality in the U. S. The conditions of living might have been similar and different in many ways but this time all came to an end once the fugitive slave laws were enhanced. Many free African Blacks were enslaved and wrongfully accused to be slaves. The new laws were undisputed and changed the Blacks’ idea of freedom and fight for equality Work Cited Hine D, The African American Odyssey (2011). Combined Volume, 5th Edition. New Jersey: Prentice Hall.

The Impact of Ancient DNA Discovered in Siberia Essay -- Exploratory E

The Impact of Ancient DNA Discovered in Siberia For many decades, there has been an overwhelming curiosity about what life was like before humans ruled the earth - back when life on land, off land, and even the very land itself was very different than it is today. Pieces of this puzzle have been discovered all over the world, ranging from perfectly preserved skeletons at the bottom of bodies of water to fragments discovered in vast deserts. Due to the conditions of the ancient finds, there is only so much that can be deciphered about the past, which leads to the creations of various theories of what life was like in different areas and why and when it changed. However, in at least one stretch of land, there is a lot that can be told thanks to one of the best finds in recent history: some of the oldest DNA ever recovered. This amazing find was first reported in April of 2003, when it was told that animal and plant DNA was found in the permafrost of northeastern Siberia (Thomas 2003). The permafrost was located between the Lena and Kolyma rivers of former western Beringia and was drilled out under scrupulous conditions – using extreme care not to let any of the precious samples become contaminated. In fact, strains of specialized bacteria were used to ward off any possible contamination (Willerslev 2003). The event was led by Eske Willerslev of the University of Copenhagen in Denmark (Thomas 2003), who’s international team looked towards drilling for sediment deposits in the layered ice when other areas containing possible ancient DNA samples provided only rare samples that were highly susceptible to extraction and examination difficulties (Willerslev 2003). Fortunately, luck was with the international t... ...nd, oddly enough, the frozen digestive remains of prehistoric animals, important questions have been answered and fierce debates have been settled. This just goes to show that you never know where the next big ancient discovery is going to come from and gives hope for others to keep searching. Works Cited Thomas, Abbie. â€Å"Ancient Dung Reveals a Picture of the Past.† News in Science 18 April 2003. 24 March 2004 . Willerslev, Eske, Anders J. Hansen, Jonas Binladen, Tina B. Brand, M. Thomas P. Gilbert, Beth Shapiro, Michael Bunce, Carsten Wiuf, David A. Gilichinsky, and Alan Cooper. â€Å"Diverse Plant and Animal Genetic Records from Holocene and Pleistocene Sediments.† Science Magazine 17 April 2003. 25 March 2004 .

Motivation and Commitment for the Social Work Profession

X 1) Motivation and Ccommitment for the Social Work Profession As I reminisce back upon my life there are many experiences and factors that have affected and shaped who I am today. If you examine Nature vs. Nurture, Ive always coincluded that human expression is not just black and white, there is a definite grey area where both nature (genetics) and nurture (environment) combine. For example, childhood experiences or family dynamics can either make or break you as a person depending on whether you allow negative experiences or less than ideal environments to detrimentally affect the way in which you view the world.You can prevail forward or stay with the natural human tendency to digress in the past but you decide how long you want that period of digression to be. My immediate family growing up was my father, stepmother, mother, and my twin brothers. My parent's divorced when I was two. My mother was severely depressed; because of this I did not see her again until I was eight years old. I dont remember a lot from when I was young but I do recall my brothers and I visiting our mother under supervision in a playroom of a human services building. She explained to us that she was better and could soon keep us every other weekend.My mother was better for a while but the depression came in cycles, sometimes she was up and other times she was down. My twin brothers were born mentally challenged on the mild spectrum. As I watched my mother and brothers struggle with trials and tribulations of life, I realized how much I enjoy helping others cope with the obstacles and barriers that can come with life, with or without a disability that brings life into another realm. Which is how I came to work with several different companies serving various populations such as, mentally challenged, mentally ill, physically disabled and Traumatic Brain Injury.My interest in social work and psychology began as a teenager in my first psychology class my freshman year in high school. I w as fascinated with how the brain works and what influences and shapes the human mind. I told my parent's at this time my dream of becoming a therapist. As a teenager I always wanted to give support and give advice to my friends. I wanted to help others through their challenges. We all face challenges in life, we all have to face fear at one time or another, every challenge and fear is a chance to gain courage or strength you never knew you had inside you.I began pursuing my bachelors degree at the age of twenty one. I attended school, work, and at the same time held up the role of single motherhood. It was testing and exhausting at times but the feeling of accomplishment at the end was well worth it. After receiving my degree I knew eventually I would want to climb further up the education ladder when I was ready. I wanted a break to gain more work experience serving others. This year I decided was the right time to look into a masters degree program.I was fond of the multidimension al contexts mentioned in the Advanced Generalist Concentration description for the second year. It is important to learn the different levels and aspects of cultures and the influences thereof, in order to better understand and empathize with the individuals you serve as a social worker. My future career goals after I complete the program: I hope to work in a clinic or resource center for individuals with HIV and work towards further prevention and education to the public. I am going to obtain a minor in Drug and Alcohol Counseling so I can better serve this population.After gaining some work experience to broaden my perspective and knowledge, I hope to open my own therapy practice in order to help others through their challenges and succeed in life. 2) A Social Issue of Concern A social issue of concern for me is the stigmatizing of individuals with HIV in society. As the HIV/AIDS epidemic marks its thirtieth year, you can state a lot has changed since 1981 when what was thought of as the gay plague which had symptoms ssimilar to pneumonia and Kaposis Sarcoma, such as, fever, fatigue, rash, swollen lymph nodes, and sore throat.Although many individuals experience no symptoms at all, feel, and appear healthy for several years. A few years later this would come to be known as HIV (Human Immunodeficiency Virus). Now thirty years later society, professionals, and doctors know more about HIV transmission, treatment, and prevention. Society may know more but do they know enough to keep ignorance and stigma at bay? A recent survey performed by the Kaiser Family Foundation shows substantial shares of Americans continue to express discomfort at the idea of interacting with people living with HIV.For example 45% say theyd be uncomfortable having their food prepared by someone who is HIV-positive, 36% with having an HIV roommate, 29% having their child in a classroom with an HIV-positive teacher, and 18 ppercent working with someone who is HIV-positive. One statistic th at does show some promise in decreasing stigma and ignorance within society is the share stating theyd be very comfortable working with someone who has HIV increased from about a third in 1997 to roughly half in 2011. (www. kff. org/kaiserpolls[->0]) Unfortunately other results show the public is still ignorant about modes of transmission of HIV.The KFF survey also shows that over the past twenty years, roughly one in four Americans have continued to either believe that one can get HIV from a drinking glass, or remain unsure whether it is the case. What do these statistics tell about stigma and ignorance within the general public? It says that potentially stigmatizing and dincriminating attitudes still persist. There are a few factors that I believe led to this outcome, 1) The public is not being educated enough in the schools, television, and doctors offices and hospitals are prime places where we can get the information out there. ) More doctors are suggesting HIV tests for non-el derly, 29% but so far it doesn't translate into an increase in reports of actually getting an HIV test. About one in five non-elderly adults say they have been tested for HIV in the past 12 months which is a ppercentage that has held steady since 1997. 3) The information about how HIV is contracted and testing routes/sites needs to get out not to just high-risk population but to the general population as well. Although society ddiscrimination, HIV itself does not discriminate. (statistics obtained from: www. kff. rg/kaiserpolls) 1. Society Response When speaking of HIV in general, people get defensive and uncomfortable. This is where peer advocacy at testing sites, community education sites, and in the clinics/hospitals is vital because those living with HIV can share their stories and show others the different types of people that contract HIV. So a face can be put with the virus, show others that you cant tell who has HIV by looking at someone. Also, a belief that comes into play is that if you talk about sex, even safe sex, that people will be encouraged to have more of it.In reality the opposite rings true. The more that educators and hospital professionals talk about safe sex and STDs, the more comfortable others are talking with their sex partners on the subject. The more you know about a topic, the more confident you feel to discuss it with others. 3) Personal Strengths, Skills, Knowledge, Qualities and Limitations Ive always had an altruistic personality, compassion for others, ability to empathize with external and internal human struggles. In high school I enjoyed giving advice and being the sympathetic ear to my friends.Growing older, I enjoyed listening to and talking with mature adults at work with every day contact I gained more knowledge about their life experience. I was always fascinated when discussing the way they handled their trials and tribulations. I always had a thirst for knowledge whether it is the spoken words of others, reading book s, enjoying new experiences, or researching online. Some professionals who receive vast education, or are in their chosen profession for a long time, come to believe they have learned it all. They get stuck in a rut like doctors treating numbers, not treating the patient.I dont believe I will ever get to that place in my career. At the start and at the end of the day, you need to remember your purpose for yourself and for others. Its innate for all of us to need human experience, to be loved and accepted, to feel needed, to make others happy. In summary, a thirst for human knowledge, an understanding that society and people are forever changing, the ability to empathize with others, and the human experience in general, is what makes an effective social worker. One of my limitations is that I often underestimate myself.Because of that I put limitations on myself that dont need to be there. I let fear of success get in the way of success. However, Ive come to realize this and I do my best to strive further and not give up. There are always obstacles in life whether it is emotional, physical, or environmental. One must learn to get around them, work with them, or run right through them. 4) Ethics and Values My personal values are seen in the work I have chosen to do tthroughout my life. Ive worked with the mentally challenged, mentally ill, and physically challenged individuals for many years.I believe no matter what the differences and limitations are, we as human beings all deserve respect, dignity, and the same opportunities that all Americans are provided. The right to vote, obtain an education, right to work, to serve in the community, have resources available, and to live and experience life to its fullest; are rights and privileges we all have. Some do not realize how in the past those that differ from the norm have had to fight and struggle for these rights, many had to experience anguish, despair, and isolation when institutionalization was standard and no rights were given to these individuals.In 1955 the institutions were slowly shutdown for the most part and deinstitutionalization became the standard. The mentally challenged, physically disabled and mentally ill were more accepted and iintegrated into the community, the educational system, into paid work and vocational positions, the government and state provided adaptions so they could gain access to the community and use their rights. There is always more work to do.The general public has little concept of how significant the population of disabled individuals is, more educating to the public needs to be put into place on how prevalent physical, intellectual, and mental disorders are, for example, the CDC reported 1 in 110 children in the United States have an Autism spectrum disorder, 13% of children have a developmental disability and the last count in 1993 the CDC found 1. 5 million children and adults ages 6-64 had intellectual disabilities.As a social worker one will work with people from all walks of life, characters, belief systems, religion, culture, race, and value systems. Also depending on these factors, the issues individuals deal with in their day to day lives will vary. You have to put your ego and your own beliefs that may be different from theirs aside and take your profession seriously, but dont take yourself too seriously. Put the person youre serving first and remember the service youre providing, whatever your field may be.People will come in with conflicting beliefs, religions, and backgrounds, but unless you have walked in their shoes its not for you to judge or change their mind. However, you are required to report incidents such as, abuse, homicidal and suicidal intentions (if there is a plan set out). You are there to offer help with resources and advice on the use of those resources available to the individual. 5) Meaningful Volunteer and/or Work experience For the year of 2007 I worked for Quality Living Inc. in Omaha, Nebraska , this is a rehab facility specializing in TBI (Traumatic Brain Injury) and Spinal Cord Injury.Never having worked with this population, it was an eye opening experience to see several people go from living an independent life, to losing the ability to walk or go to the bathroom, losing the ability to speak, process thoughts, control of their muscles, having to relearn everything and not fully gain back certain skills. Also teaching and helping struggling families gain skills to cope and work with their loved ones as well. One tough situation among many was a family with a seventeen year old daughter who was ran over by a vehicle at night; she had a TBI and was in a comma.I watched the family by her side and praying for her to wake up every day. This hit close to my heart because I have a daughter as well and I thought to myself how heartbroken I would be if that happened to her. You are reminded of how valuable life is and how important the moments are that you spend with those you love. I had never assisted people who were in such extensive need of various services. The individuals attended physical therapy, occupational therapy, speech therapy, and relearning everyday living skills to gain back the skills they lost.I didn't know the need for this service was so extensive. There are few facilities like it which specialize in TBI and SCI. There are rehabilitation hospitals who offer ssimilar therapies and resources but not to this extent and not as individualized. The creator of Quality Living was one person and a community of families with loved ones who have TBI and/or Spinal Cord Injury who werent getting the services they desperately needed. Working with the individuals and those who work for them, reminded me of the power and perseverance of the human spirit to overcome any obstacle. ) Cultural Diversity Experience a. I have some experience working with diverse cultures. I worked as a nursing assistant in various facilities, nursing homes, group homes, a nd hospitals, assisting with personal care and daily living. Working with the elderly you see how people come from different backgrounds and how it affects who they are today. You also see how dementia and Alzheimers affects the brain and physical function. As I went over before, I worked with individuals with physical and mental disabilities; I still do to this day.I gained a lot of patience and understanding from this work. You come across various behaviors that can be aggressive, violent, emotional, and this will challenge you emotionally and intellectually as well. This will also at times drain you physically and emotionally. At the end of the day you get these reminders: a friendship gained, a smile, a thank you, an apology, a new experience, being able to teach someone and help someone. You see youve made a difference despite the difficult days that come and go. b.I have not had professional experience working with many different ethnicities and/or nationalities. However, I ha ve had personal experience with friendships and co-workers of various national origins such as, Africa, Persia, Mexico, India, Ecuador, Haiti, Columbia, France, Portugal and Britain. I myself love learning about different cultures, their views, beliefs, traditions, history, and food of course, its all very fascinating to me. c. I am most comfortable working with those my age or between 20-40 years of age because I can more easily relate and be at the same level maturity and intellect.I also am comfortable with those who have disabilities and mental illnesses, having professional and personal experience with this population I am more apt to see the person, not just their disability. d. After careful thought there is not a population I am uncomfortable working with. 7. ) Social Support and Financial Plan I plan on applying for school loans and sscholarships. As well as meeting with the financial assistance and sscholarship offices. Currently my husband and I are looking into starting a non-profit shelter for female veterans out of our home.We have already begun contacting individuals within The National Veterans Wellness and Healing Center which host retreats for veteran couples and also works constantly on assisting veterans with obtaining the resources that are available to them. While I am at school and doing work credit hours my husband will take care of the business, along with our business partners we will also hire extra people to assist us with running the business. I am very excited about this endeavor and feel my further education with New Mexico State would contribute a great deal to this and future endeavors. [->0] – http://www. kff. org/kaiserpolls